Three problems that get one name
Almost everyone says “hip pain”, and it means at least three different things.
The joint itself. Pain is felt in the groin, sometimes into the front of the thigh or the knee, and is worse with weight-bearing and rotation. Osteoarthritis is the usual cause after middle age; putting on socks and getting out of a car become the daily reminders.
The outside of the hip. Pain over the bony prominence, tender to press, painful to lie on at night. Often called trochanteric bursitis; it is more often a problem with the gluteal tendons that attach there. The distinction is not pedantry — tendons need loading to recover, and repeated steroid injections into a degenerative tendon can do harm.
Referred pain. The lumbar spine and the sacroiliac joint both project pain into the buttock and outer hip. A hip that has been treated for a year without improving is frequently a back.
The assessment
Where it hurts, and what makes it hurt. Then range of motion at the hip — internal rotation goes first in hip arthritis, and it is an early, reliable sign. Palpation of the trochanter and the tendon insertions. Strength testing of the glutes. An examination of the lumbar spine and the sacroiliac joint. And how you walk, because a limp tells you where the load is going.
Imaging is used to answer a question, not to start the conversation.
Treatment
Joint injections for an irritated hip joint — both therapeutic and, because the response is informative, diagnostic. These are done with imaging guidance where the anatomy requires it.
Targeted soft-tissue treatment for greater trochanteric pain syndrome, weighted towards progressive loading of the gluteal tendons rather than repeated injection, for the reason given above.
PRP in selected tendon and early joint problems.
Rehabilitation, centred on gluteal strength. The hip abductors control the pelvis with every step you take; when they are weak, the joint, the tendons and the lower back all take more than they should. This is the part that changes the trajectory rather than the week.
